Monday, May 24, 2021

Chapter 10 Chemical Quantities Test Answer Key


  • Regardless of the labels or organizational schemes used in these documents, all of them stress that it is important for students to come to recognize the concepts common to so many areas of science and engineering. Patterns Patterns exist...
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  • Such classification is useful in codifying relationships and organizing a multitude of objects or processes into a limited number of groups. Patterns of similarity and difference and the resulting classifications may change, depending on the scale...
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  • Progression Human beings are good at recognizing patterns; indeed, young children begin to recognize patterns in their own lives well before coming to school. They observe, for example, that the sun and the moon follow different patterns of appearance in the sky. Once they are students, it is important for them to develop ways to recognize, classify, and record patterns in the phenomena they observe. For example, elementary students can describe and predict the patterns in the seasons of the year; they can observe and record patterns in the similarities and differences between parents and their offspring.
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  • Similarly, they can investigate the characteristics that allow classification of animal types e. These classifications will become more detailed and closer to scientific classifications in the upper elementary grades, when students should also begin to analyze patterns in rates of change—for example, the growth rates of plants under different conditions. By middle school, students can begin to relate patterns to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure—for example, they may note that chemical molecules contain particular ratios of different atoms. Thus classifications used at one scale may fail or need revision when information from smaller or larger scales is introduced e. Cause and Effect: Mechanism and Prediction Many of the most compelling and productive questions in science are about why or how something happens. Today infectious diseases are well understood as being transmitted by the passing of microscopic organisms bacteria or viruses between an infected person and another.
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  • Identifying cause and effect may seem straightforward in simple cases, such as a bat hitting a ball, but in complex systems causation can be difficult to tease out. It may be conditional, so that A can cause B only if some other factors are in place or within a certain numerical range. For example, seeds germinate and produce plants but only when the soil is sufficiently moist and warm. Frequently, causation can be described only in a probabilistic fashion—that is, there is some likelihood that one event will lead to another, but a specific outcome cannot be guaranteed. One assumption of all science and engineering is that there is a limited and universal set of fundamental physical interactions that underlie all known forces and hence are a root part of any causal chain, whether in natural or designed systems. Underlying all biological processes—the inner workings of a cell or even of a brain—are particular physical and chemical processes. At the larger scale of biological systems, the universality of life manifests itself in a common genetic code.
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  • One goal of instruction about cause and effect is to encourage students to see events in the world as having understandable causes, even when these causes are beyond human control. The ability to distinguish between scientific causal claims and nonscientific causal claims is also an important goal. Progression In the earliest grades, as students begin to look for and analyze patterns—whether in their observations of the world or in the relationships between different quantities in data e. By the upper elementary grades, students should have developed the habit of routinely asking about cause-and-effect relationships in the systems they are studying, particularly when something occurs that is, for them, unexpected. Strategies for this type of instruction include asking students to argue from evidence when attributing an observed phenomenon to a specific cause.
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  • For example, students exploring why the population of a given species is shrinking will look for evidence in the ecosystem of factors that lead to food shortages, overpredation, or other factors in the habitat related to survival; they will provide an argument for how these and other observed changes affect the species of interest. Scale, Proportion, and Quantity In thinking scientifically about systems and processes, it is essential to recognize that they vary in size e. The understanding of relative magnitude is only a starting point. From a human perspective, one can separate three major scales at which to study science: 1 macroscopic scales that are directly observable—that is, what one can see, touch, feel, or manipulate; 2 scales that are too small or fast to observe directly; and 3 those that are too large or too slow.
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  • Objects at the atomic scale, for example, may be described with simple models, but the size of atoms and the number of atoms in a system involve magnitudes that are difficult to imagine. At the other extreme, science deals in scales that are equally difficult to imagine because they are so large—continents that move, for example, and galaxies in which the nearest star is 4 years away traveling at the speed of Page 90 Share Cite Suggested Citation:"4 Dimension 2: Crosscutting Concepts. As size scales change, so do time scales. Thus, when considering large entities such as mountain ranges, one typically needs to consider change that occurs over long periods. Conversely, changes in a small-scale system, such as a cell, are viewed over much shorter times.
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  • However, it is important to recognize that processes that occur locally and on short time scales can have long-term and large-scale impacts as well. In forming a concept of the very small and the very large, whether in space or time, it is important to have a sense not only of relative scale sizes but also of what concepts are meaningful at what scale. For example, the concept of solid matter is meaningless at the subatomic scale, and the concept that light takes time to travel a given distance becomes more important as one considers large distances across the universe. Understanding scale requires some insight into measurement and an ability to think in terms of orders of magnitude—for example, to comprehend the difference between one in a hundred and a few parts per billion. At a basic level, in order to identify something as bigger or smaller than something else—and how much bigger or smaller—a student must appreciate the units used to measure it and develop a feel for quantity.
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  • To appreciate the relative magnitude of some properties or processes, it may be necessary to grasp the relationships among different types of quantities—for example, speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken, density as a ratio of mass to volume. This use of ratio is quite different than a ratio of numbers describing fractions of a pie. Recognition of such relationships among different quantities is a key step in forming mathematical models that interpret scientific data.
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  • Progression The concept of scale builds from the early grades as an essential element of understanding phenomena. Young children can begin understanding scale with objects, space, and time related to their world and with explicit scale models and maps. They may discuss relative scales—the biggest and smallest, hottest and coolest, fastest and slowest—without reference to particular units of measurement. Typically, units of measurement are first introduced in the context of length, in which students can recognize the need for a common unit of measure—even develop their own before being introduced to standard units—through appropriately constructed experiences.
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  • Once students become familiar with measurements of length, they can expand their understanding of scale and of the need for units that express quantities of weight, time, temperature, and other variables. They can also develop an understanding of estimation across scales and contexts, which is important for making sense of data. As students become more sophisticated, the use of estimation can help them not only to develop a sense of the size and time scales relevant to various objects, systems, and processes but also to consider whether a numerical result sounds reasonable.
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  • Students acquire the ability as well to move back and forth between models at various scales, depending on the question being considered. They should develop a sense of the powers-of scales and what phenomena correspond to what scale, from the size of the nucleus of an atom to the size of the galaxy and beyond. Well-designed instruction is needed if students are to assign meaning to the types of ratios and proportional relationships they encounter in science. Students can then explore more sophisticated mathematical representations, such as the use of graphs to represent data collected.
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  • The interpretation of these graphs may be, for example, that a plant gets bigger as time passes or that the hours of daylight decrease and increase across the months. As students deepen their understanding of algebraic thinking, they should be able to apply it to examine their scientific data to predict the effect of a change in one variable on another, for example, or to appreciate the difference between linear growth and exponential growth. As their thinking advances, so too should their ability to recognize and apply more complex mathematical and statistical relationships in science. Scientists and students learn to define small portions for the convenience Page 92 Share Cite Suggested Citation:"4 Dimension 2: Crosscutting Concepts.
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  • Systems can consist, for example, of organisms, machines, fundamental particles, galaxies, ideas, and numbers. Although any real system smaller than the entire universe interacts with and is dependent on other external systems, it is often useful to conceptually isolate a single system for study. To do this, scientists and engineers imagine an artificial boundary between the system in question and everything else. They then examine the system in detail while treating the effects of things outside the boundary as either forces acting on the system or flows of matter and energy across it—for example, the gravitational force due to Earth on a book lying on a table or the carbon dioxide expelled by an organism. Consideration of flows into and out of the system is a crucial element of system design. In the laboratory or even in field research, the extent to which a system under study can be physically isolated or external conditions controlled is an important element of the design of an investigation and interpretation of results.
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  • Yet the properties and behavior of the whole system can be very different from those of any of its parts, and large systems may have emergent properties, such as the shape of a tree, that cannot be predicted in detail from knowledge about the components and their interactions. Things viewed as subsystems at one scale may themselves be viewed as whole systems at a smaller scale. For example, the circulatory system can be seen as an entity in itself or as a subsystem of the entire human body; a molecule can be studied as a stable configuration of atoms but also as a subsystem of a cell or a gas. An explicit model of a system under study can be a useful tool not only for gaining understanding of the system but also for conveying it to others. Models of a system can range in complexity from lists and simple sketches to detailed computer simulations or functioning prototypes.
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  • In more complex systems, it is not always possible or useful to consider interactions at this detailed mechanical level, yet it is equally important to ask what interactions are occurring e. Predictions may be reliable but not precise or, worse, precise but not reliable; the degree of reliability and precision needed depends on the use to which the model will be put. Their thinking about systems in terms of component parts and their interactions, as well as in terms of inputs, outputs, and processes, gives students a way to organize their knowledge of a system, to generate questions that can lead to enhanced understanding, to test aspects of their model of the system, and, eventually, to refine their model. Starting in the earliest grades, students should be asked to express their thinking with drawings or diagrams and with written or oral descriptions. They should describe objects or organisms in terms of their parts and the roles those parts play in the functioning of the object or organism, and they should note relationships between the parts.
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  • Students should also be asked to create plans—for example, to draw or write a set of instructions for building something—that another child can follow. By high school, students should also be able to identify the assumptions and approximations that have been built into a model and discuss how they limit the precision and reliability of its predictions.
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  • Step 1: Calculate moles of each element. STEP 1 Given Calculate the molecular weight of each reactant and product 3. We can count things by weighing them. View Mole-1Step. Food: containers, quantities and partitives- exercise 1. Carbon Dioxide 5. Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles. It then teaches you how to calculate stoichiometric quantities from balanced chemical equations using units of moles,mass, representative particles, and volumes of gases at STP.
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  • Vocabulary online worksheet for A senior. Some of the worksheets for this concept are Stoichiometry practice work, Work on moles and stoichiometry, Work molemole problems name, Mole calculation work, Mole mole stoichiometry work, Mole conversions and stoichiometry work, , Chapter 6 balancing stoich work and key. For instance, 1 mole of hydrogen and 1 mole of oxygen both contain approximately 6. The Formula Mass of any molecule, formula unit, or ion is the sum of the average atomic masses of all the atoms represented in its formula.
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  • Practice materials. One mole contains exactly 6. The chemical formulas that appear in a reaction each represent 1 mole see article on "Mole Concept" of material; for example, the symbol CH 4 stands for 1 mole of methane having a mass of 16 grams 0. If I have 6. Find the mass of tristearin required to produce Stoichiometry Worksheet Answers Stoichiometry mixed Problems - murrieta. Games Games Details: Gas Stoichiometry Worksheet For all of these problems, assume that the reactions are being performed at a pressure of 1. Step 1 Step 2given quantity Step 3 to moles. Mole , also spelled mol , in chemistry , a standard scientific unit for measuring large quantities of The mole is related to the mass of an element in the following way: one mole of carbon atoms The concept of the mole helps to put quantitative information about what happens in a chemical.
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  • Mass and atoms are conserved in every chemical reaction. What is the Mole? Question 7. A mole of a pure substance contains 6. We will calculate the pH of the solutions using the following 3 steps for each problem. Chapter Chemical Quantities The Mole: A Measurement of Matter Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with g of glucose - gram mole 6. Hint: 20 mL of 1 M calcium chloride, CaCl2, contains 0. Each reactant and each product is the heading for a column in the table. The atomic weight refers to the weighted average of masses of the isotopes comprising a naturally occurring sample of carbon. The number of moles of anything is calculated from the mass of sample and the molar mass.
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  • Determine the number of atoms that are in 0. Limiting reactant and percent yield worksheet answer key with percent yield worksheet 1 kidz activities. Chemistry 12th Edition answers to Chapter 10 - Chemical Quantities - What is the equation for the relationship between frequency and wavelength? This section defines and explains how the mole is used to measure matter. Write a balanced equation for the reaction 2. You have to balance the chemical equation no matter what, according to the Law on the Preservation of Matter, but many students find it difficult to balance it. Mole worksheet 1. By knowing the stoichiometry and moles consumed at the end point, the amount of chloride in an unknown sample can be determined. This process of relating quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction to one another is called stoichiometry.
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  • Use the periodic table to find the mass of each element then multiply that value by the number of each element's atoms in the particle. Convert the following quantities into moles a. Then we convert to grams to find the amount of oxygen that needs to be added: 0. These types of questions show the quantitative nature of chemistry and chemical reactions. One mole of any element or chemical compound is always the same number.
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  • What is the mass of one mole of magnesium chloride? A representative particle refers to the species present in a substance: usually atoms, molecules, or ions. Chemistry also deals with the study of the changes of matter and the mechanisms by which changes occur. If you don't understand, fill out the rest of the pages in this guide anyway; you'll be.
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  • Learning Outcomes. There are 6. Choose 1 reactant up to you! Stoichiometry Mole To Mole - Displaying top 8 worksheets found for this concept. A mole of carbon atoms has a mass approximately three times as great as the mass of a mole of helium atoms. Along the left side of the table, label the rows: Initial amount, Initial moles , Change moles , End moles , and End amount:. Chemists use balanced chemical equations as a basis to calculate how much reactant is needed or product is formed in the reaction. Conversions between moles of a substance, number of particles of a substance, and mass of a substance is central to solving chemical stoichiometry problems. Determine how many moles are present in 0.
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  • These worksheets are not officially produced or approved by Alcoholics Anonymous. There are three definitions equalities of mole. It also teaches you how to calculate the mass of a mole of any substance. From the mole ratio, methane : oxygen is 1 : 2. Elementary level esl. Match these quantities to their respective components in the. Avogadro's number is an absolute number: there are 6. The conversion factor is just 1. The reaction was allowed to reach equilibrium.
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  • Adrian has over 30 years of high school and early college chemistry teaching experience, in both the UK and the USA. Only RUB Volume L, mL. For example: Make 75 mLs of a 1. Chapter Summaries — Chemistry Matter and Change. This means that 0. How many moles are equal to 1. Moles to Moles 1 step 2. How Big Is a Mole? Step 1: Consider a mole of cans of Spam. Magnesium chloride has an atomic mass of 94 amu. Fill in the blank with the appropriate quantity. Empirical Formulas Empirical Formulas teacher. A min're Of 1. Just as 1 mole of atoms contains 6. In an earlier chapter, we described the development of the atomic mass unit, the concept The mole provides a link between an easily measured macroscopic property, bulk mass, and an extremely Because the definitions of both the mole and the atomic mass unit are based on the same reference.
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  • TRY Mass-Mass. What it contains. The first step is always to ensure that the units on the known quantities are consistent with our value of R. Some of the worksheets below are Stoichiometry Worksheets with Answer Keys, definition of stoichiometry with tons of interesting examples and exercises involving with step by step solutions with several colorful illustrations and diagrams.
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  • Stepwrite the reaction. Look over page 3 of these worksheets and see if you understand what the First Step is getting at. In the case of water as the solvent, 1 kg or g equals a volume of mL, or 1 L. The theoretical yield calculator will tell you how many grams of product the chemical reaction will generate. Both have answers. Math Step 2 The chemical equation shows us that 2 moles of C 2 H 6 is needed to make 6 moles of water. How many moles of CO 2 can be produced when 2. This is one step process, enter the known data and press Calculate to output the unknowns. Calculating Quantities in Reactions. Convert the following two-step quantities, converting first to moles and then to the desired quantity.
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